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Terrestrial ecosystems encompass a vast and vital component of Earth's biodiversity and ecosystem services. The effect of increased anthropogenic dominance on terrestrial communities defines major challenges for ecosystem conservation, including habitat destruction and fragmentation, climate change, species invasions and extinctions, and disease spread. Here, we integrate fossil, historical, and present-day organismal and ecological data to investigate how conservation paleobiology provides deep-time perspectives on terrestrial organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems impacted by anthropogenic processes. We relate research tools to conservation outputs and highlight gaps that currently limit conservation paleobiology from reaching its full impact on conservation practice and management. In doing so, we also highlight how the colonial legacies of conservation biology and paleobiology confound our understanding of present-day biodiversity, ecosystem processes, and conservation outlooks, and we make recommendations for more inclusive and ethical practices moving forward. 

ABSTRACT Advances in genomic sequencing have magnified our understanding of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms relevant to biodiversity conservation. As a result, the field of conservation genomics has grown rapidly. Genomic data can be effective in guiding conservation decisions by revealing fine‐scale patterns of genetic diversity and adaptation. Adaptive potential, sometimes referred to as evolutionary potential, is particularly informative for conservation due to its inverse relationship with extinction risk. Yet, global coldspots in genomic resources impede progress toward conservation goals. We undertook a systematic literature review to characterise the global distribution of genomic resources for amphibians and reptiles relative to species richness, IUCN status, and predicted global change. We classify the scope of available genomic resources by their potential applicability to global change. Finally, we examine global patterns of collaborations in genomic studies. Our findings underscore current priorities for expanding genomic resources, especially those aimed at predicting adaptive potential to future environmental change. Our results also highlight the need for improved global collaborations in genomic research, resource sharing, and capacity building in the Global South.